Specific learning disorders (SLD) concern a group of disabilities in which significant difficulties arise in the acquisition and use of reading, writing and calculation. The main characteristic of this category is precisely the specificity”, ie the disorder affects a specific and limited domain of skills essential for learning (reading, writing, calculating), leaving the general intellectual functioning intact. This means that to be diagnosed with dyslexia, the child must not have intelligence deficits, environmental or psychological problems, sensory or neurological deficits. We list the most common and recurring ones:
- Dyslexia Dyslexia is a specific learning disability characterized by the difficulty in making an accurate and / or fluent reading.
- Dysorthography Dysorthography is one of the specific learning disorders that concerns the constructive component of writing, therefore linked to linguistic aspects, and consists of the difficulty of writing correctly from an orthographic point of view.
- Dysgraphia Dysgraphia concerns the executive component, grapho-motor (poorly legible writing); refers to the difficulty of writing smoothly, quickly and effectively.
- Dyscalculia Dyscalculia concerns the difficulty in understanding and working with numbers and the difficulty in automating some numerical and calculation tasks.